China encompasses a great diversity of landscapes and a
corresponding variety of natural resources. Generally speaking,
China has higher elevations in the west, where some of the worlds
loftiest mountain ranges are located, including the Tian
Mountains, the Kunlun Mountains, and the Himalaya. Devastating
earthquakes tend to occur in a broad arc extending from the
western edge of the Sichuan Basin north-east towards Bo Hai,
the gulf on the northern shore of the Yellow Sea.
China has numerous mountain ranges enclosing a series of plateaus
and basins and furnish a notable wealth of water and mineral
resources. A broad range of climatic types, from sub arctic to
tropical, and including large areas of alpine and desert
habitats, supports a magnificent array of plant and animal life.
Mountains occupy about 43 percent of China land surfaces;
mountainous plateaus account for another 26 percent; and basins,
predominantly hilly and located mainly in arid regions, cover
approximately 19 percent of the area. Only 12 percent of the
total area may be classed as flatlands.
China may be divided into six major geographical regions, each of
which contains considerable geomorphological and topographical
diversity.